Estimator Sources

Tariff sources for every penalty estimate

Each estimator result uses one published industrial/commercial schedule. Open the PDF, then search the page for "power factor", "kVAR", "rkVA", or "reactive". Examples use 500 kW peak at 0.80 PF, or the tariff's minimum kW if that is higher. Actual bills vary by rate class, voltage, and year.

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Maine

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Central Maine Power (intermediate) IGS-S-TOU · 2022-12	Intermediate General Service (400–1,000 kW) bills $1.15 per kVar above 50% of on-peak kW (about 89% PF).	$144/mo $1,725/yr · 500 kW	CMP IGS-S-TOU (PDF)
Central Maine Power (large) LGS-P-TOU · 2026-01	Large General Service (≥1,000 kW) bills $1.65 per kVar above 50% of the first 1,000 kW plus 25% of additional on-peak kW.	$412/mo $4,950/yr · 1,000 kW	CMP LGS-P-TOU (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Central Maine Power (intermediate)

IGS-S-TOU · 2022-12

Intermediate General Service (400–1,000 kW) bills $1.15 per kVar above 50% of on-peak kW (about 89% PF).

$144/mo $1,725/yr · 500 kW

CMP IGS-S-TOU (PDF)

Central Maine Power (large)

LGS-P-TOU · 2026-01

Large General Service (≥1,000 kW) bills $1.65 per kVar above 50% of the first 1,000 kW plus 25% of additional on-peak kW.

$412/mo $4,950/yr · 1,000 kW

CMP LGS-P-TOU (PDF)

Massachusetts

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
National Grid (Massachusetts) G-3 · 2026-07	G-3 billing demand is the greater of peak kW or 90% of peak kVA. Below 90% PF we apply distribution + transmission demand ($10.48 + $21.91 per kW) to the extra billed kW.	$2,024/mo $24,293/yr · 500 kW	National Grid MA G-3 tariff (PDF)
Eversource (Cape Cod & Martha's Vineyard) G-3 · 2026	G-3 demand is billed in kVA. We estimate the extra cost of 0.80 PF versus correcting to 0.95 using distribution $4.01/kVA plus transmission $14.08/kVA.	$1,785/mo $21,422/yr · 500 kW	Eversource Cape/Vineyard 2026 rate summary (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

National Grid (Massachusetts)

G-3 · 2026-07

G-3 billing demand is the greater of peak kW or 90% of peak kVA. Below 90% PF we apply distribution + transmission demand ($10.48 + $21.91 per kW) to the extra billed kW.

$2,024/mo $24,293/yr · 500 kW

National Grid MA G-3 tariff (PDF)

Eversource (Cape Cod & Martha's Vineyard)

G-3 · 2026

G-3 demand is billed in kVA. We estimate the extra cost of 0.80 PF versus correcting to 0.95 using distribution $4.01/kVA plus transmission $14.08/kVA.

$1,785/mo $21,422/yr · 500 kW

Eversource Cape/Vineyard 2026 rate summary (PDF)

Rhode Island

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Rhode Island Energy G-32 · 2026-07	G-32 billing demand is the greater of peak kW or 90% of peak kVA. Extra billed kW is priced at distribution $8.08/kW (kW above 200) plus transmission $7.57/kW.	$978/mo $11,738/yr · 500 kW	Rhode Island Energy G-32 (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Rhode Island Energy

G-32 · 2026-07

G-32 billing demand is the greater of peak kW or 90% of peak kVA. Extra billed kW is priced at distribution $8.08/kW (kW above 200) plus transmission $7.57/kW.

$978/mo $11,738/yr · 500 kW

Rhode Island Energy G-32 (PDF)

New York

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Con Edison (New York City) SC-9 / Rule 10.11 · 2025-01	Customers ≥500 kW pay $1.10 per billable kVar. Billable kVar = kVar at peak kW minus one-third of that kW (zero if negative) — the same 95% PF allowance Georgia Power uses.	$229/mo $2,750/yr · 500 kW	Con Edison PSC No. 10 tariff (PDF)
NYSEG SC-3 / SC-7 · 2024-05	When demand is ≥200 kW, NYSEG bills $0.00078 per rkvah above one-fourth of kWh. Estimate assumes 50% load factor because the tariff is energy-based.	$71/mo $854/yr · 500 kW	NYSEG electric rate summary (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Con Edison (New York City)

SC-9 / Rule 10.11 · 2025-01

Customers ≥500 kW pay $1.10 per billable kVar. Billable kVar = kVar at peak kW minus one-third of that kW (zero if negative) — the same 95% PF allowance Georgia Power uses.

$229/mo $2,750/yr · 500 kW

Con Edison PSC No. 10 tariff (PDF)

NYSEG

SC-3 / SC-7 · 2024-05

When demand is ≥200 kW, NYSEG bills $0.00078 per rkvah above one-fourth of kWh. Estimate assumes 50% load factor because the tariff is energy-based.

$71/mo $854/yr · 500 kW

NYSEG electric rate summary (PDF)

New Jersey

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Jersey Central Power & Light (JCP&L) GP (primary) · 2025-12	JCP&L bills $0.44 per kVAR coincident with on-peak kW demand on General Service Primary. We show the avoidable portion versus correcting to 0.95 PF.	$93/mo $1,112/yr · 500 kW	JCP&L BPU-14 Part III (PDF)
Atlantic City Electric AGS-Secondary · 2025-07	Annual General Service Secondary bills $1.01 per kVAR above one-third of kW demand (about 95% PF). Reactive demand is measured when expected demand exceeds 100 kW.	$210/mo $2,525/yr · 500 kW	Atlantic City Electric Section IV (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Jersey Central Power & Light (JCP&L)

GP (primary) · 2025-12

JCP&L bills $0.44 per kVAR coincident with on-peak kW demand on General Service Primary. We show the avoidable portion versus correcting to 0.95 PF.

$93/mo $1,112/yr · 500 kW

JCP&L BPU-14 Part III (PDF)

Atlantic City Electric

AGS-Secondary · 2025-07

Annual General Service Secondary bills $1.01 per kVAR above one-third of kW demand (about 95% PF). Reactive demand is measured when expected demand exceeds 100 kW.

$210/mo $2,525/yr · 500 kW

Atlantic City Electric Section IV (PDF)

Pennsylvania

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
PECO (Pennsylvania) Rate GS · 2026-04	If PF is below PECO's standard (80% under 185 kW, 90% from 186–2,500 kW, 95% above 2,500 kW), billed kW is raised by (standard PF / actual PF). We apply Rate GS $11.35/kW.	$709/mo $8,513/yr · 500 kW	PECO Electric Tariff No. 8 (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

PECO (Pennsylvania)

Rate GS · 2026-04

If PF is below PECO's standard (80% under 185 kW, 90% from 186–2,500 kW, 95% above 2,500 kW), billed kW is raised by (standard PF / actual PF). We apply Rate GS $11.35/kW.

$709/mo $8,513/yr · 500 kW

PECO Electric Tariff No. 8 (PDF)

Delaware

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Delmarva Power (Delaware) GS / LGS primary · 2025-09	When demand is ≥300 kW, Delmarva adds $0.03 per kW of measured demand for every whole PF point below 90% (and credits the same above 90%). We show the charge only.	$150/mo $1,800/yr · 500 kW	Delmarva Power DE primary tariff (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Delmarva Power (Delaware)

GS / LGS primary · 2025-09

When demand is ≥300 kW, Delmarva adds $0.03 per kW of measured demand for every whole PF point below 90% (and credits the same above 90%). We show the charge only.

$150/mo $1,800/yr · 500 kW

Delmarva Power DE primary tariff (PDF)

District of Columbia

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Pepco (District of Columbia) MGT LV / GT LV + Rider PF · 2026-01	If lagging PF is below 85% and correction is not installed within 90 days, Pepco multiplies distribution kW charges by 1.1111 (an 11.11% adder). We apply MGT LV $21.13/kW or GT LV $28.15/kW by peak kW.	$1,174/mo $14,085/yr · 500 kW	Pepco DC rate schedules (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Pepco (District of Columbia)

MGT LV / GT LV + Rider PF · 2026-01

If lagging PF is below 85% and correction is not installed within 90 days, Pepco multiplies distribution kW charges by 1.1111 (an 11.11% adder). We apply MGT LV $21.13/kW or GT LV $28.15/kW by peak kW.

$1,174/mo $14,085/yr · 500 kW

Pepco DC rate schedules (PDF)

Virginia

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Dominion Energy Virginia GS-3 (secondary) · 2026-01	Dominion bills $0.235 per rkVA of reactive demand on GS-3 secondary. Below 85% PF, distribution demand may also be billed at no less than 85% of peak kVA.	$153/mo $1,838/yr · 500 kW	Dominion Energy VA GS-3 (PDF)
Appalachian Power (Virginia) L.P.S. · 2026-07	Large Power Service bills $0.85 per kVAR of leading or lagging reactive demand in excess of 50% of metered kW (about 89% PF). Applies to accounts 300 kW or greater.	$106/mo $1,275/yr · 500 kW	Appalachian Power VA Tariff 28 L.P.S. (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Dominion Energy Virginia

GS-3 (secondary) · 2026-01

Dominion bills $0.235 per rkVA of reactive demand on GS-3 secondary. Below 85% PF, distribution demand may also be billed at no less than 85% of peak kVA.

$153/mo $1,838/yr · 500 kW

Dominion Energy VA GS-3 (PDF)

Appalachian Power (Virginia)

L.P.S. · 2026-07

Large Power Service bills $0.85 per kVAR of leading or lagging reactive demand in excess of 50% of metered kW (about 89% PF). Applies to accounts 300 kW or greater.

$106/mo $1,275/yr · 500 kW

Appalachian Power VA Tariff 28 L.P.S. (PDF)

North Carolina

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Duke Energy Progress (North Carolina) LGS · 2023-06	When PF is below 85%, Duke bills $0.32 × (max kVAr − 62% of max kW).	$21/mo $250/yr · 500 kW	Duke Energy Progress NC LGS (PDF)
Duke Energy Carolinas (North Carolina) LGS · 2026-01	When average monthly PF is below 85%, Duke may raise billed kW to kW × (0.85 / PF). We apply the LGS demand charge of $4.82/kW on that extra demand.	$151/mo $1,808/yr · 500 kW	Duke Energy Carolinas NC LGS (PDF)
Dominion Energy North Carolina Schedule 6P (secondary) · 2025-02	Dominion bills $0.211 per rkVA of reactive demand. Below 85% PF, distribution demand may also be billed at no less than 85% of peak kVA.	$98/mo $1,180/yr · 500 kW	Dominion Energy NC Schedule 6P (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Duke Energy Progress (North Carolina)

LGS · 2023-06

When PF is below 85%, Duke bills $0.32 × (max kVAr − 62% of max kW).

$21/mo $250/yr · 500 kW

Duke Energy Progress NC LGS (PDF)

Duke Energy Carolinas (North Carolina)

LGS · 2026-01

When average monthly PF is below 85%, Duke may raise billed kW to kW × (0.85 / PF). We apply the LGS demand charge of $4.82/kW on that extra demand.

$151/mo $1,808/yr · 500 kW

Duke Energy Carolinas NC LGS (PDF)

Dominion Energy North Carolina

Schedule 6P (secondary) · 2025-02

Dominion bills $0.211 per rkVA of reactive demand. Below 85% PF, distribution demand may also be billed at no less than 85% of peak kVA.

$98/mo $1,180/yr · 500 kW

Dominion Energy NC Schedule 6P (PDF)

South Carolina

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Duke Energy Progress (South Carolina) LGS / LGS-TOU · 2024	When PF is below 85%, Duke bills $0.30 × (max kVAr − 62% of max kW).	$19/mo $234/yr · 500 kW	Duke Energy Progress SC LGS-TOU (PDF)
Duke Energy Carolinas (South Carolina) LGS · 2022-10	When average monthly PF is below 85%, Duke may raise billed kW to kW × (0.85 / PF). We apply the LGS demand charge of $4.27/kW on that extra demand.	$133/mo $1,600/yr · 500 kW	Duke Energy Carolinas SC LGS (PDF)
Dominion Energy South Carolina Rate 23 LGS · 2025	If PF falls below 85%, Dominion adjusts billing demand to an 85% PF basis. We apply Rate 23's $18.42/kW demand charge to that extra kW.	$576/mo $6,908/yr · 500 kW	Dominion Energy SC Rate 23 (PDF)
Santee Cooper Schedule L-25 · 2025	Excess reactive demand is billed at $0.93/kVAr when max 30-minute kVAr exceeds 48.5% of measured kW (about 90% PF).	$123/mo $1,479/yr · 500 kW	Santee Cooper Schedule L-25 (PDF)

Georgia

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Georgia Power PLM-18 / PLL-18 · 2025-01	When PF is below 95% lagging, Georgia Power bills $0.42 per excess kVAR (kVAR above one-third of measured kW).	$87/mo $1,050/yr · 500 kW	Georgia Power PLL-18 (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Georgia Power

PLM-18 / PLL-18 · 2025-01

When PF is below 95% lagging, Georgia Power bills $0.42 per excess kVAR (kVAR above one-third of measured kW).

$87/mo $1,050/yr · 500 kW

Georgia Power PLL-18 (PDF)

Florida

Utility	Published rule	Example at 0.80 PF	Source
Florida Power & Light (FPL) GSD-1 / GSLD-1 · 2026-01	If PF at peak demand is below 85%, FPL may bill kW × (0.85 / PF). We apply the GSD-1 ($12.70/kW) or GSLD-1 ($15.12/kW) demand charge based on your peak kW.	$473/mo $5,670/yr · 500 kW	FPL Electric Tariff Section 8 (PDF)
Duke Energy Florida GSD-1 · 2026	If PF at peak demand is below 85%, Duke may bill kW × (0.85 / PF). We apply the GSD-1 demand charge of $11.73/kW on that extra demand.	$367/mo $4,399/yr · 500 kW	Florida PSC 2026 DEF rate comparison (PDF)
Tampa Electric (TECO) GSD / GSLD · 2026	For customers ≥1,000 kW, if average PF is below 85%, TECO adds 0.214¢ per kVARh above 0.619744 × kWh. Estimate assumes 50% load factor because the tariff is energy-based.	$102/mo $1,221/yr · 1,000 kW	Tampa Electric Tariff Section 6 (PDF)

Utility

Published rule

Example at 0.80 PF

Source

Florida Power & Light (FPL)

GSD-1 / GSLD-1 · 2026-01

If PF at peak demand is below 85%, FPL may bill kW × (0.85 / PF). We apply the GSD-1 ($12.70/kW) or GSLD-1 ($15.12/kW) demand charge based on your peak kW.

$473/mo $5,670/yr · 500 kW

FPL Electric Tariff Section 8 (PDF)

Duke Energy Florida

GSD-1 · 2026

If PF at peak demand is below 85%, Duke may bill kW × (0.85 / PF). We apply the GSD-1 demand charge of $11.73/kW on that extra demand.

$367/mo $4,399/yr · 500 kW

Florida PSC 2026 DEF rate comparison (PDF)

Tampa Electric (TECO)

GSD / GSLD · 2026

For customers ≥1,000 kW, if average PF is below 85%, TECO adds 0.214¢ per kVARh above 0.619744 × kWh. Estimate assumes 50% load factor because the tariff is energy-based.

$102/mo $1,221/yr · 1,000 kW

Tampa Electric Tariff Section 6 (PDF)

Researched, not in the calculator

These utilities have a PF requirement or no published dollar penalty we could map to kW + PF. We left them out rather than invent a rate.

PSE&G (New Jersey)

Standard Terms §8.7 requires average PF ≥ 85% at the meter, but we did not find a published $/kVAR or demand-adjustment formula.
PSE&G Electric Tariff (PDF)
Baltimore Gas & Electric (BGE)

Schedule GL bills kW demand and kWh. No published kVAR rider found on the current GL sheet.
BGE Schedule GL (PDF)
Eversource Greater Boston G-3

Greater Boston G-3 demand is billed per kW (not kVA) on the 2026 summary. Cape Cod / Martha's Vineyard G-3 is billed per kVA and is in the estimator.
Eversource Greater Boston 2026 rates (PDF)
PPL Electric (Pennsylvania) LP-4 / LP-5

Current LP-5 sheet does not include a kVAR or PF adjustment. Distribution is a customer charge; transmission is PJM PLC.
PPL LP-5 (PDF)
Eversource Connecticut Rate 55 / 56 / 57 / 58

Older Rate 55 sheets bill distribution and transmission demand in kVA and can require 90% lagging PF. We could not retrieve a current combined $/kVA from the live tariff PDFs, so we did not invent a rate.
Eversource CT tariffs index